caddiff
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git diff for CAD assemblies.
Two STEP files in, one picture of what changed out — plus a change list your CI can gate on.
Green-ish magenta marks the changed geometry; the red box locates it; the blue arrow shows a 5.00 mm displacement. Both images are generated by
caddifffrom the synthetic fixture inexamples/— no customer data anywhere in this repo. Browse the full sample report, rendered online, no install needed →
The problem
You put your CAD in git. Now someone asks: "what actually changed between v1.2 and v1.3?"
git diff is useless here. A STEP file is plain text, so git prints four thousand lines of
coordinates and tells you nothing. Worse, git will happily merge two STEP files into a
file that is syntactically valid and geometrically wrong — and nothing warns you.
Commercial CAD suites sell a fix for this (SOLIDWORKS Compare, TransMagic, 3DViewStation). The open-source side had almost nothing: the few projects in this space render a visual diff and stop there — no BOM alignment, no report, no CI story.
caddiff is the missing piece: a command-line tool that answers what changed with a
picture and a machine-readable list.
Quick start
Docker (recommended — nothing to install)
$ docker run --rm -v "$PWD:/data" ghcr.io/angel291592/caddiff:v0.3.5 \ diff /data/old.stp /data/new.stp -o /data/report
v0.3.5 is the released image. An edge tag also tracks main if you want to live on
top of the tree — but for anything you gate a CI run on, pin a released tag (or a digest).
Local install
caddiff itself has zero third-party dependencies — but the geometry and rendering
steps run inside FreeCAD, so FREECAD_PYTHON must point at an interpreter that can
import FreeCAD:
$ pip install caddiff # add [pptx] if you want --pptx $ export FREECAD_PYTHON=/path/to/FreeCAD/bin/python.exe # Windows: the FreeCAD distribution ships its own python $ export FREECAD_PYTHON=/usr/bin/python3 # Linux: the system python3, $ export PYTHONPATH=/usr/lib/freecad/lib # with FreeCAD's modules on the path $ caddiff diff old.stp new.stp -o report
On Linux, do not point FREECAD_PYTHON at .../freecad/bin/freecad-python3: that file
is the FreeCAD GUI application, so handing it a script opens the GUI and never returns.
The system python3 + PYTHONPATH above is what works, and it is how the Docker image is
configured (see docs/pipeline.md).
If FREECAD_PYTHON is unset, caddiff searches the usual Linux locations and PATH, and
fails with an actionable message rather than silently falling back to a Python that
cannot import FreeCAD.
With git difftool
So that git diff for CAD assemblies is literally true:
$ git config --global difftool.caddiff.cmd 'caddiff difftool "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE"' $ git difftool -t caddiff HEAD~1 -- bracket.stp
See docs/git-integration.md for why CAD files need
.gitattributes treatment and how to pick revisions.
As a GitHub Action (pull-request gate)
The repo ships a ready-made Action that pulls the same prebuilt image, runs the diff on two files in your repo, and uploads the report directory as a workflow artifact:
- uses: angel291592/caddiff@v0.3.5 id: caddiff with: old: models/base.stp new: models/pr.stp image: ghcr.io/angel291592/caddiff:v0.3.5 - name: React to differences if: steps.caddiff.outputs.has-differences == 'true' run: echo "::warning::${{ steps.caddiff.outputs.diff-count }} CAD change(s) detected"
Outputs read from diff_manifest.json (has-differences, diff-count, report-dir) — the
action fails only on exit code 2 (caddiff could not run); exit code 1 (differences
found) is a result, and the report is still uploaded.
image: is spelled out on purpose. @v0.3.5 resolves action.yml from the v0.3.5
tag, and that tag's default is frozen at the previous release — so without this line
the action and the geometry engine would run different versions. Same rule as the
docker run above: pin the image, not the branch.
Known limits: fork PRs cannot comment on the PR with the default read-only token, and
the report is delivered as an artifact rather than a PR comment — see the notes at the
top of action.yml.
What it detects
| Change type | Example | How it is reported |
|---|---|---|
| Part added / removed | a bracket dropped from the assembly | BOM-level: listed in summary.bom_added / bom_removed |
| Instance count changed | 2 screws became 4 | BOM-level: listed in summary.bom_count_mismatch |
moved |
same part, translated or rotated | displacement in mm/°, blue arrow on the image |
shape_changed |
material added or removed | boolean symmetric difference, magenta highlight, volume delta |
Parts that could not be compared (too many faces, boolean timeout, no solid shape) are
never silently dropped — they appear in summary.skipped_parts with a reason. "Not
mentioned" must never be readable as "no difference".
What you get
report/
├── diff_manifest.json machine-readable contract (start here in CI)
├── report.html human-readable report with the images inline
├── report.md same content as Markdown (good for PR comments)
├── images/*.png overview + old/new close-ups per change
├── compare.pptx only with --pptx
├── bom_diff.json intermediate
└── geom_diff.json intermediate
Each change gets an automatically chosen viewpoint: caddiff scans 26 candidate
directions (6 faces + 12 edges + 8 corners), scores each on how much of the highlighted
geometry is visible and how readable the framing is, and picks the winner. When the change
is buried inside the assembly it says so on the image instead of pretending the shot is fine.
Exit codes — use it as a CI gate
| Code | Meaning |
|---|---|
0 |
no differences |
1 |
differences found |
2 |
the run failed (bad input, timeout, crash) |
- name: Check geometry changes run: | docker run --rm -v "$PWD:/data" ghcr.io/angel291592/caddiff:v0.3.5 \ diff /data/base.stp /data/pr.stp -o /data/report
The distinction between 1 and 2 matters: a crashed FreeCAD must never look like
"nothing changed".
How it compares
There are two different things people mean by "CAD diff", and they are not competitors —
they are the two halves of one loop. Here is where caddiff sits.
| caddiff | text-to-CAD tools text-to-cad, CADAM |
SOLIDWORKS Compare commercial revision checkers |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| What it is for | verify what changed between two revisions | generate / edit a model from a prompt | verify revisions |
| Answers "did this model change, and how?" | ✅ deterministic geometry comparison | ❌ has no such notion | ✅ |
| Works on a file pair you already have | ✅ | ❌ needs a prompt and a regeneration | ✅ |
| Machine-readable change list | ✅ diff_manifest.json |
❌ | ❌ |
| Gates a pull request | ✅ exit codes 0/1/2 |
❌ | ❌ |
| Headless / runs in a container | ✅ | varies | ❌ |
| Needs a CAD licence | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ |
| Open source | ✅ Apache-2.0 | ✅ (varies) | ❌ |
The complement, not the rival. text-to-CAD tools are extremely good at making changes and have nothing to say about verifying them. That gap widens as more edits are produced by agents instead of hands:
# an agent (or you) just rewrote the bracket $ caddiff diff old.stp new.stp -o report $ echo $? 1 # something changed — here is exactly what, and by how much
If you generate models with a text-to-CAD tool, caddiff is what you run after it.
Versus the commercial revision checkers. They solve the same problem well, and they cost a licence per seat, need the CAD application installed, and cannot run in CI. That is the entire reason this project exists — see The problem.
On the open-source side, a handful of projects in this space render a visual diff, and none of them ship BOM-level alignment, a machine-readable manifest, or CI exit codes. That is the gap
caddifffills.
Benchmarks (measured, not estimated)
All numbers below are wall-clock, software rendering, no GPU. Rendering dominates: each change costs one 26-direction scan (≈0.85 s per direction) plus three images.
| Input | Where it ran | Changes found | Wall clock |
|---|---|---|---|
3-part synthetic assembly (examples/) |
source checkout, Windows + FreeCAD 1.1.3 | 2 | ≈80 s |
| 3-part synthetic assembly, same fixture | official image, Linux + FreeCAD 0.21.2 | 2 | ≈35 s |
| 55-part production assembly | source checkout, Windows + FreeCAD 1.1.3 | 3 | 290–366 s |
The image is faster on the small fixture because the container is a clean Linux filesystem — no Windows Defender scanning of the intermediate STEP/BREP files. Do not read that as 0.21 being faster than 1.1.3; the two rows differ in more than one way.
Reproduce the first row yourself:
$ python caddiff/make_moved_fixture.py examples/fixtures $ caddiff diff examples/fixtures/moved_old.stp examples/fixtures/moved_new.stp -o out
We are not claiming a speed record. If you need sub-second diffs on huge assemblies, this is not the tool for you yet — see the roadmap.
What this does not do
Being explicit about the boundaries, because a tool that over-promises is worse than no tool:
- No tolerance analysis or GD&T.
shape_changedmeans "the boolean symmetric difference is non-empty", not "this is out of tolerance". - No free-form surface deviation maps. We compare solids, not point clouds.
- No huge assemblies. The render step is serial; a 55-part assembly already takes minutes. There is no upper bound enforced, but the experience degrades.
- Part pairing is heuristic. Same-named parts are matched by bounding-box proximity with a 50 % volume guard. This works well for the common "same assembly, edited in place" case and is known to be weak when parts are renamed wholesale or the whole assembly is moved. Unmatched parts are reported, never guessed. Measured on 24 pairs of real public assemblies: every structural change was caught, but 7 of 15 structurally unchanged pairs still report BOM add/remove pairs purely from renames (human renames, exporter auto-names, even case-only changes) — the name really did change, and geometry cannot pair across names, so read a symmetric added/removed list as "something was renamed". A same-named part that changed beyond the 50 % pairing guard is reported as a whole-part change (degraded, clearly labelled), never dropped.
- No merge.
caddifftells you what changed. It does not merge two STEP files, and it will not try. - No hosted service. Everything runs locally or in your own CI. Nothing is uploaded.
How it works
old.stp ─┐
├─► [1] BOM alignment (pure Python — part names, instance counts)
new.stp ─┘ │
├─► [2] geometric diff (FreeCAD: classify identical/moved/shape_changed,
│ boolean symmetric difference in a killable subprocess)
├─► [3] render (FreeCAD GUI + 26-direction viewpoint search → PNG)
└─► [4] report (manifest JSON + HTML + Markdown; PPTX on demand)
Two design rules that are load-bearing:
- Every expensive geometry operation runs in a subprocess with a hard timeout. Face
count does not predict boolean cost — we measured a 912-face part whose single
cutran past 840 s. A face-count gate alone cannot catch that; only a killable subprocess can. - FreeCAD is only ever talked to via subprocess + files. No compiled extensions, no
dlopen, no shared memory. This keeps the LGPL/GPL boundary clean (seeTHIRD_PARTY_LICENSES.md) and keeps crashes contained.
Technical deep-dive: docs/pipeline.md.
Roadmap
- v0.1 – v0.3 (released) —
caddiff diff: BOM alignment, geometric diff, rendering, HTML/Markdown/JSON reports, Docker image, GitHub Action, CI exit codes. - next — an MCP server so an agent that just edited a model can verify its own work against the previous revision.
- later —
caddiff check(FEA sanity checks) andcaddiff build(sandboxed modeling). The namespace is reserved; nothing is promised.
Contributing
Bug reports, fixture pairs, and pull requests are welcome — see
CONTRIBUTING.md. Please never attach a real customer model to an
issue: CAD files routinely contain trade secrets, and the derived PNG/JSON/HTML carry the
part names too. Use a minimal synthetic sample.
Security reports: SECURITY.md.
License
Repository source code is Apache-2.0 (LICENSE).
The Docker image bundles third-party components under their own licenses — FreeCAD
(LGPL-2.1-or-later, and its distribution also contains GPL-licensed files), OpenCASCADE
(LGPL-2.1 with the OCCT exception), numpy, Pillow, python-pptx. Those are not covered by
the Apache-2.0 license of this repository. Full details, including how to obtain the
corresponding source, are in THIRD_PARTY_LICENSES.md.
This project is not affiliated with or endorsed by the FreeCAD project or the FreeCAD Project Association. It uses Open CASCADE Technology.
